JPEG was originally intended to store digital photographs. Just like old photographs, there was never any notion of “transparent” for a photo. As a result, the people that wrote JPEG never included a transparency feature.
It’s not really something you can bolt on after the fact either, because the way the picture is shrunk down, the transparency information would need to have been worked into the mathematical approach for compressing the information (which would mean changing the way it worked). Since there were already other ways to save pictures with transparency information, nobody felt it necessary to make changes to JPEG.
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