Many bacteria that cause food poisoning are bad not because of the bacteria themselves, but because their poop is toxic. Botulism is a good example of this, the poison is the botulinum toxin that they excrete, not the bacteria.
**Cooking contaminated food kills the bacteria, but doesn’t destroy any toxic poop they’ve already pooped into the food** during the time from contamination to whenever you cook it. So the cooking stops the production of *additional* toxic poop, but if there’s already some there it’s too late for cooking to help.
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