How do plants survive being in the sun for 12 hours straight or more?
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some plants are evolved to grow in full sunlight, e.g. on the prairies and savannah. All plants use sunlight as energy source to grow themselves, and full-sun plants do it very efficiently. They also might have shiny leaves to reflect excessive sunlight, or thick skin to prevent sun from evaporating their water.
The plants that evolved to grow in the shade of trees can and do get sunburned. Their leaves develop dead yellow spots, and die eventually.
here are more details: https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/gardens-gardening/your-garden/help-for-the-home-gardener/advice-tips-resources/pests-and-problems/environmental/scorch.aspx
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