They…er…they *technically* have done that.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Plumbbob#Propulsion_of_steel_plate_cap
Summarised briefly, during the heyday of nuclear testing they decided to detonate a nuclear explosion below ground with a steel cap on top of it. They underestimated the power involved however and this caused the steel cap to be blown off at ridiculous speeds and power.
As noted, this achieved much more than escape velocity. As also noted however, the steel cap was almost certainly vaporised through friction with the atmosphere.
But it’s a fun idea.
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