Actual X ray is harmful if you do it frequently.
Airport security has never used X ray as the machine that people pass through. Those are metal detectors, or other more advanced (usually controversial) technology.
X ray at airports is used for the baggage. (Originally just carry-on but after 9/11 they started inspecting checked baggage also.)
Hospitals do often have such machines. There are some forms of surgeries where these are used by the surgeon to “see” inside the body as they are operating. The problem is that X-rays are ionizing radiation which causes harm to your body. So you do not want to have an X-ray machine turned on for long unless it is absolutely required.
Airport security doesn’t use xrays to scan humans, just luggage, shoes, etc. Xray like uv rays is carcinogenic and can cause dna damage. So xrays of humans are usually limited to a small surface area to limit the exposure. Similiarly repeated doses are also not good for you. Imagine you are making a trip, you get scanned twice once on entry and once on exit and the entire surface area of your body is exposed to the radiation.
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