How the eye functions is incredibly complex, both in the eye itself and how the brain interprets the information.
Ultimately, you could establish a “frame rate” for the eye, because it is in a way analogous in effect (not in the physics though) to a camera. Each receptor can only gather a specific amount of light before it’s saturated. The ” maximum frame rate” depends on how fast the receptor can completely recover to zero saturation. I couldn’t find good information on that in the few minutes of search aside from the fact that cones can recover from being flash-blinded in about 20 milliseconds.
https://physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1113/JP283105
But these numbers will vary for normal vision, since your eyes don’t get totally blinded.
But that’s just the eye. The brain also has frequencies it works at, i.e. “brain waves”, neurons fire in patterns at certain frequencies to perform specific functions. But this effect is far too complex to assign any one maximum or minimum “frame rate” to it, aside from what we can observe to be true, that at about 24 fps still images start to blur together and you get illusion of motion. But even that isn’t cut and dry, because we are able to see a difference between that and higher framerates. Then there’s the issue of the brain not actually forming a “pixel by pixel” image like a digital display. In trying to interpret the signals coming in it… Makes shit up, effectively. That’s what visual hallucinations are. And how do you apply a frame rate to something that isn’t even a real image from the eyes? (I mean, that’s a genuine question to any neurologists out there, can you?)
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