To some degree turbocharging does this by recovering the waste heat from the exhaust gas to drive a compressor. The result is a higher intake pressure which increases engine efficiency at the cost of increased weight and complexity. Before the adoption of jet engines the last generation of large radial aircraft engines used a technique called turbocompounding, were in the turbo not only drove the compressor, but the crankshaft as well. These engines powerful and efficient, but very complex and a maintenance nightmare.
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