In addition to the fact that sugar dissolves in water and therefore so will cotton candy (which is mostly sugar), the solving process is a lot faster if the thing you are trying to dissolve has more relative surface area. And since cotton candy is a lot of thin sugar crystal strands with spaces in between, the water has lots of surface area and therefore “angles of attack” to dissolve the sugar.
The sugar has to touch the water to dissolve. If you put a spoonfull of sugar in water, it dissolves really fast because all those tiny pieces of sugar spread out and each one gets to touch the water. If you put a solid chunk of sugar in water, like a piece of hard candy, it takes longer because the hard outside layer of sugar prevents water from touching the inside layers – so the water can only dissolve a little bit at a time.
Cotton candy is more like a spoonful of sugar than a solid piece, so the water touches all of it and it dissolves quickly.
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