baiscally, they are using a version of dial tones to carry data as audio tones, to pass the back and forth messaging required to establish a connection between the two modems that are trying to use the dial up link, and ensure both sides are expecting the correct format, data rate, etc.
Here’s a video that explains what each noise means:
[Why Does Dial Up Sound The Way It Does? (An Explanation) (youtube.com)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xp47x1EabqI)
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