Because the notes all had names before the piano, or any other modern instrument for that matter was named.
Also middle C is not in the exact middle of the piano. Middle C is comes from the double staff, staking a treble clef on top of a bass clef, between these two clefs lands middle C.
The reason these two clefs are used to make the double staff is basically just because they were and continue to be incredibly popular clefs for a great variety of instruments.
It’s also worth mentioning that all these notes probably had names and an oral tradition before anyone decided to start writing things down in sheet music.
Your question is kind of like asking “why did English speakers decide to have three different commonly used words all said as ‘their'” it’s not a decision that was made, it just kinda happened that way.
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