An incandescent bulb is a resistor, it can tolerate just about any form of dimming. If you cut the voltage in half it will use about 1/4 the power.
Lets say you have an LED with a forward voltage of 3V, if you put 1.5V accross it it won’t turn on at all, if you put 4V across it it will be destroyed. They need some mechanism to regulate current. The LED needs almost the same amount of voltage for full brightness and 1% brightness, just with different amounts of current, so a dimming compatible bulb must be able to figure out what brightness is desired, and also run on a much wider and noisier range of input voltage, and then regulate the current appropriately.
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