Most of the time is spend in pre-production.
You spend year or so in pre-production
Maybe 1-3 months actually shooting the movie
And another 6 months to a year in post production.
As for why TV seasons are made in a year. The first season is not.
For the first season you need a lot of pre-production like finding locations, casting all the characters, hiring all the crew members,…
But for season 2 you don’t need to do that. Most of that was already figured out for the first one.
Another thing, did you notice how Tv shows usually have different director for each episode? That’s because they start editing immediately once the episode is shot. With movies you need to shoot the whole thing before you start editing.
Yearly released show usually limit amount of special effects shots to safe time and money.
Your blockbuster movie will have about 2000 – 4000 VFX shots.
Early seasons of Game of Thrones had about 600 – 800 total.
It takes time and money to get this done right.
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