The biggest thing is focal length
Let us say that you are looking at an image of a small tropical fish on your TV. It is a very close up shot, so in order to get the same amount of detail in real life you would have to have the fish just a couple of inches from your face.
But if the fish actually was that close, your eyes would have to focus on it in a very different way than it does from the background. You would have a very limited vocal length and everything aside from that fish would look a little out of focus. But with a high-definition camera that is not an issue and other things that are far away from the fish can still be in good focus.
The opposite illusion can occur if you add more difference in focal depth than is actually there. Doing that you can make a very large picture look like it is a picture of a tiny miniature.
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