There is a concept called “supersampling” which is where you have more pixel information then the display can handle, which means there is actually more “data” in each pixel than the native version. This is why a lot of games these days allow you to run higher resolutions on lower res screens. You get a better picture.
In the case of TV shows and streaming videos, 4K not only has more information in the picture, but will often come at higher bandwidth and other things like HDR.
Think about it this way: it’s just like re-sizing a picture. A low res picture, upscaled to your screen, looks bad. A picture at the same resolution looks fine. A super high resolution picture, scaled DOWN for your screen, looks awesome.
Same concept with games.
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