what i mean is that when say, an artillery shell is fired, or a piece of debris from an explosion is launched, it goes up and away at an almost 45 degree angle until its upwards momentum is no longer sufficient to fight gravity before dropping pretty much straight down. second, given the angle of impact on the ground, could you calculate backwards from there the initial velocity and launch site of the projectile?
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What you looking for is Classical Physics, specifically Projectile Motion.
In general, you have a projectile with some initial velocity, and through out its travel, gravity (and sometime friction if it isn’t negligible) apply a force on it. Knowing the initial conditions let you calculate how it will ended up, and vice versa.
In this case, if you know the angle that it hit the ground and how fast it going roughly based on the impact, you can approximate pretty close where it was fire initially.
If you want a deeper look, just google “Cannonball physics problem”
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