Obviously it was a thing for film cameras, but now that everything is digital, something like “just make the picture darker” seems extremely easy to do with software
quick edit, I know what ND filters are for and how to use them, no need to explain. it just seems to me that it could be engineered in a way that doesn’t require them, which is what I’m asking about
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There are couple of things you can play with. Exposure time – how long the sensor gathers light, ISO sensitivity – which is just preamplification before ADC times sensor intrinsic efficiency, the F# number – what sort of lens you use and how you adjust the iris.
And all of those things have other effects too, they don’t just make image lighter or darker. Cameras are built so that you don’t need filters for most normal pictures. But if you want very long exposures, or very bright subjects or combination of them, then ND filters can shift your working range to cover extreme situations.
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