~~Because sometimes you need it.~~
~~Take this morning for me as an example. It was an icy morning and I needed to scrape my windscreen. For context, I’m parallel parked on a roadside space.~~
~~I got in and started my car to get it warm, and then got back out again to start clearing. As all my windows were iced up, I couldn’t see if it was safe to get out of my car again. Leaving the door ajar allowed me to look back. It also meant that oncoming traffic was aware that someone may be getting in and out of the car and to pass with care. But it also meant that my door wasn’t fully open and completely obstructing the main road.~~
~~This is just one of many instances where being able to keep the door ajar without a hand free is helpful.~~
~~I’m not sure I understand your hypothesis either that this somehow makes car doors harder to close…~~
Edit: Apparently I misunderstood OP.
Car doors have to withstand constant vibration, wind, and rain. That is why they have thick, soft rubber seals all the way around. It takes some force to push it tight so that the seal holds. Other doors can have the same kind of seals, but are usually so heavy that they will fall into the latch once you set them in motion.
And then, as others have already said, there is a secondary mechanism that can keep the door from opening all the way if the lock fails while the vehicle is in motion. That’s the “half-closed” state.
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