Why do computer chargers need those big adapters? Why can’t you just connect the devices to the power outlet with a cable?
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The better answer is ,,, you could make a laptop without a charger, but it would be worse because you have to include all that power circuitry inside the laptop.
That circuitry is heavy so your laptop would be heavier on one side and would most likely make the laptop thicker, because some components in this circuitry are bigger and are hard to make smaller, if we’re talking about laptops that consume a lot of power.
For laptops that consume very little power, like 10-30w at most under regular use, there may be a time when the equivalent of a 40-60w phone charger could be squeezed inside so that you wouldn’t need a separate charger. But at that point, it may still be easier to just carry the charger along with a small mouse in the same bag you normally use to carry the laptop. It’s not a big deal now…. won’t be a big deal in the near future as chargers shrink even further.
High voltage is dangerous, risk of electric shock, death and all that, so that’s why the conversion from high voltage (110-230v AC) to a lower DC voltage is done in the separate power brick / power supply, because the package can be easily sealed in the plastic case (ultrasonically welded and no water can come inside and cause problems.
Another reason is also that you’re removing a source of heat from the laptop case and moving it away from the laptop … conversion from AC to DC is not 100% efficient, there are losses, heat is produced.
The conversion is also “noisy” in the sense that the power supply produces some electrical noise which can be picked up in wires as if those wires are antennas, and in the components around the power supply.. So if the power supply is inside the laptop, they may have to put extra care to shield more sensitive parts of the laptop from this power supply noise, the wires going to the screen may need to have extra shielding … all this could add to the weight of the laptop.
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