Computers make a lot of heat when they run. This heat comes from the processor (also called CPU, central processing unit) and, if the computer has one, the graphics card (also called GPU, graphics processing unit).
The CPU and GPU are computer chips. They make a lot of heat because they have millions of little electrical devices inside them. Those electrical devices are called *transistors*.
If the heat is not removed from the CPU and/or GPU, then eventually those little transistors (and maybe other components) will start to get damaged over time. This will lead to the computer not working any more.
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