Specifically in reference to places like Arabia. It’s a peninsula surrounded by water but also all of north Africa. Southern Europe isn’t desert as far as I’m aware so what’s going on there?
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well, first, not all deserts are north of the equator. in fact, the single largest desert on earth is antarctica.
as for why is the arabian desert so dry, it’s mostly down to wind currents. the land around the arabian peninsula is mostly dry, so there isnt much moisture to evaporate to form clouds capable of causing rain in the arabian desert. the bodies of water surrounding the peninsula lack sufficient surface area to make any meaningful rainfall.
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