As well as the components being larger, which makes them cheaper, they don’t need to be custom designed to fit a particular form factor. There’s a lot of empty space in a desktop tower. The cases and form factors are relatively standardized and as long as the component fits inside that space then there isn’t any additional consideration needed. Plug in your new GPU and it’s ready to go.
Laptop manufacturers are in a constant battle to minimize weight and volume, so every component needs to be carefully designed to fit within that space, often requiring custom form factors, custom connectors, and all-in-one boards. That’s extra money spent on R&D, and extra money spent because the economy of scale isn’t as beneficial.
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