I hope you understand what I mean. How is it possible that I hear the drums only in one ear and the trumpet in the other ear?
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It’s called stereo sound. Each headphone speaker is connected to a wire that goes back to the music device (or wireless with 2 channels these days).
Back in the analog days of something like a record you had grooves that went left/right for one channel and different element that went up/down. The needle could detect both wobbles in the groove and would send each signal to a different part of the amplifier. If you look in the back of the amplifier it has two outputs, one for the right speaker and one for left.
In a modern digital file it’s just computer code saying “send this bit to the right speaker and this bit to the left”.
In modern home audio rigs it’s even wilder, you have 4, 5, 7, 10 whatever channels for stereo sound (so long as you have at least that many speakers). This way you can hear sound all around like a bird chirping to your top left, a car crunching gravel behind you to the right, and people speaking centrally to your face.
The other person explained it well. Just to add:
https://i.ytimg.com/vi/x1q9MXvjDlM/maxresdefault.jpg
This is a comparison of mono vs stereo jack.
Mono = same sound on each speaker.
Stereo = possible different sounds on two speakers.
https://www.circuitbasics.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/TRS-Audio-Plug-Connections-2.png
You can see that mono jack has one strip, and the stereo jack has two strips. The metallic part of the jack is conductive, and the strip separates different conductive parts that connect to different wires. That’s basically how you can send different signals to different speakers.
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