Because the heating element itself it not exposed.
The coils is covered with a ceramic or fiberglass covering that separates the heating element from the outside. With enough resistance to stop electricity, but it still gets hot.
Now if you damaged a heating coil and exposed the heating element itself, that could definitely short.
Because the wire carrying the electricity isn’t exposed. The “coil” you see is a ceramic coating around the actual electric conductor, which acts like the rubber insulation on a regular electric wire. In the case of your stove coil, there’s a wire inside that heats up, heating up the ceramic coating around it. But there’s no electric current in that coating material.
You’re not earthed is also part of it. Same reason you can change a welding rod with the power on if you’re in boots. It changes if you’re touching the ground. Then it goes through you.
As long as you aren’t standing bare foot in a puddle of water on concrete, you won’t earth out and and you’re safe.
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