why do electrons and protons have the same exact charge?
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Theoretically, we don’t know why electrons and protons have opposite charges of equal magnitude. In fact, this relationship is considered a fundamental constant (meaning it cannot be explained by referring to simpler phenomena) upon which atomic theory is built.
It has been verified experimentally that electrons and protons each hold the minimum quantifiable amount of electric charge, meaning smaller, simpler phenomena are not influenced by electromagnetic phenomena.
Some hylotheses have been proposed that attempt to explain why this is so, but have not been verified experimentally.
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