They’re naturally in a harsh environment
They have to be able to withstand temperatures of 2300-3600°F, withstand pressure of 1000-1600 PSI for gasoline or up to 2500 PSI for diesels
They need to stop oil ranging from sludge to water in terms of viscosity and also a few hundred degrees, that’s pressurized, as well as coolant, which is also hot and pressurized
As well as being able to withstand clamping forces upwards of 10,000 lbs
Most other parts are typically designed for one harsh thing, while gaskets are tasked with doing multiple
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