Fire alarms generally do not measure carbon monoxide levels, they can, but most carbon monoxide alarms are separate devices. There are mainly two forms of fire alarms, optical and radioactive. In general they measure smoke, not carbon monoxide or even carbon dioxide. When you cook you might create a lot of smoke and steam. For example when searing a steak. If you do not have proper ventilation the smoke will go up to the ceiling and trigger your fire alarm.
Fire alarms can be quite smart depending on which model you buy. They can have multiple sensors like temperature, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide in order to better recognise if it is a big fire or just someone cooking. But the basic problem is that when you are cooking you are actually making a fire, even if there are no flames. The gasses given off when burning food and burning a house are the same. The fire alarm goes off because it detects a fire, it just don’t know that you have control of the fire.
But in general if your fire alarm goes off every time you cook then you do not have enough ventilation in your kitchen. The smoke and gasses even from cooking is dangerous and does increase the chance of cancer. It will also soak into your kitchen making it smelly and promoting fungus. The spores from fungus is also poisonous and will damage you over time in addition to damaging your kitchen and house. It is not normal to have the fire alarm go off when you are cooking.
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