The issue is that the prefix “in-” has two different meanings. It is most commonly known as meaning “not” as “inaudible” (in- audi -ble, “not able to be heard”). But it also means “in, into” in such words as “inquiry” (in- query, “ask into”).
So here, “inflammable” isn’t meant to be parsed as in-(flammable) as in “not able to set on fire” but rather (inflamm)-able as in, “able to be inflamed.” After all, you might have heard the word “inflame” and understand it to meant to set something on fire or to make a fire bigger. (Where inflame comes from in- flame with “in-” taking on the second meaning, e.g. “to put into flames”).
EDIT:
If you, too, are interested in how things like this come about, an INvaluable resource is the [Online Etymology Dictionary](https://www.etymonline.com/).
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