A bit of survival of the fittest honestly. Flowers will bloom at different times to maximize their chances for propagation with the least amount of competition.
For example, if every flower blooms in May there’s a risk soecies B may not be pollinated because they’re overlooked because flowers A, C, and D stand out more to the pollinator. If flower B blooms before or after ACD do, then it gets all of the pollinators to itself and has a much higher chance of success.
Granted, flowers can’t *choose* when to bloom because they’re not sapient. But let’s say ACD bloom only in the month of May while B blooms from mid April to mid May. Since B is less fit than ACD, it probably that the mid April blooms will be pollinated more. This will then lead to more of species B blooming in mid April next year than it does in mid May. Over time, due to the lowered competition in April, species B may slowly evolve to only blooming in April, therefore maximizing its propagation.
The reality is a lot more complicated than the example, but when you add in mimetic insect species, bird migrations that pollinate specific plants at specific times of the year, animals that eat the plants, and human intervention you can kind of see the patterns of how they interact to cause plants to bloom at different times of the year.
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