Some other comments have explained that the rotating barrel helps with shooting speed by keeping the barrels cooler and by reducing time between shots, but they haven’t said why they put these types of guns on aircraft.
The answer is that it is really, really hard to hit a target that is moving fast, or to hit a slow moving target when you are moving fast. If you want to increase the odds of a hit, you need to fire a lot of bullets as quickly as possible, so that the chances of at least one of them hitting the target is reasonable.
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