It’s for two main reasons
1. Rate of fire – weapon’s time to fire one bullet is defined as “function cycle”=all actions of the gun from firing a bullet, trough cycling the weapon, to making it ready to fire again. your average assault rifle can only have one function cycle running at a time. By having multiple barrels, you can effectively having multiple function cycles running at the same time, all of them going off in the exact same spot, which makes the gun fire extremly fast (4000-6000 rounds per minute, faster firing machine guns have around 600-800 rounds per minute).
2. Cooling, as others already pointed out, by having multiple barrels rotating, this increases the airflow so that the guns don’t overheat “as fast”, that doesn’t mean it can’t melt with firing too many rounds
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