It’s possible that we have some level of instinctive fear of particularly dangerous animals such as snakes and spiders, i.e. something that’s hardwired into our brains as a result of natural selection, but I don’t think anyone knows for sure.
Otherwise it’s mainly a cultural thing. We hear stories about certain animals being dangerous or scary or associated with disease, and so we learn to fear or hate them. Though obviously most of us have some direct experience of certain animals causing pain or being annoying, and that plays into it too.
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