Two factors: storage speed and level of effort spent by developers.
Laptops have NVMe or SSD storage, which is so much faster than the flash memory that your phone has, for both reading and writing. Hell, even if you have old spinning rust HDD, you might still beat a phone if the operating system is tuned well enough.
Also, booting a phone up is a rare occurrence. Phones are designed to run for weeks without reboot. But laptop operating systems want you to reboot every few days for updates and generally come from an era where rebooting/shutting down was common. So developers have spent time looking at every piece of data read during boot up and have deferred anything they can get away with until after boot. Phone operating systems are almost an afterthought in comparison.
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