why do large boats have spouts near water level that continuously dump out water?
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When you say “continuous”, I assume you mean even when the engine(s) isn’t running. That’s most likely for the A/C. Since you said boats and not “ships”, I assume you’re talking about pleasure boats you’d see in a marina. Those boats often have an onboard air conditioner that when operating pulls water in, cools the ac then pumps it overboard. You know how central air for a home has a big unit outside with a giant fan? Same thing, but on a boat there’s no room for the big fan cooled unit, and no need for it since a boat has endless cooling water available to it. You may also see another constant stream of water if the boat has a generator and it’s running. Same reason. Cooling water. No need for a radiator since you can just pull in lake or river water. And since the generator is mounted in an enclosed engine compartment, air cooled wouldn’t work. Most of the other answers you got are correct, the engines of the boat also suck up water and expel it out the exhaust but you won’t see it on most boats because that’s happening underwater. Unless the boat has through hull exhausts. Source: My boat has a/c, a generator and through hull exhausts.
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