350 degrees is the optimum temperature of the Maillard reaction. This is the process of browning food to gain flavor without being too hot to instantly burn it.
This has been scientifically understood since the 1920’s when the first ovens with thermostats were developed.
But the basics of this reaction have been understood for centuries. Prior to the invention of the oven thermostat recipes called for an oven to be low, med, or hot but with a cast iron or clay oven that definition varied.
A ‘medium’ temperature in a cast iron oven is around 350 degrees.
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