Why do music key signatures work? Is there science behind why music scales sound good only with the correct notes?

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Answer 1

Yes, the science is vibration which is just objects dancing back and forth.

The notes that sounds good together are the dancers that move together in time while also dancing at different speeds. A slow dancer spinning and a fast dancer spinning can match up so that they both start and stop facing the same direction. The only difference is how many times they have turned.

With sound, the dancer that moves faster sounds higher to our ears. As long as the dancers come together every once in a while, it’s satisfying and sounds good.