Why do music key signatures work? Is there science behind why music scales sound good only with the correct notes?

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Answer 1

Google “[harmonics](https://www.beyondmusictheory.org/the-harmonic-series/)” or “overtones.”

Overtones are, in essence, the note oscillating at its own frequency, then that frequency doubled, then trebled (“tones whose frequency is an integer multiple of a fundamental frequency”), etc.

Certain notes work together because of their harmonics. Other notes when played together clash for the same reason, and that dissonance leads to a feeling of satisfaction when the chord resolves to one with no such dissonance.