These are bullet proof vests in war zones. You’ll see them wearing helmets as well. Even in countries where owning such is illegal (UK) they are permitted to sell to accredited journalists. Obviously this serves the dual purpose of identifying them as press and also for protection.
Usually they are blue in colour to stand out and further confirm they are non combatants. Most wars have respected this but certain countries have history of ‘accidentally’ killing journalists and film crews which is why even private cars are fully identified as ‘Press’ and ‘TV’ too.
As others have said it’s a war crime to misidentify yourself as a journalist or to target a journalist. They do not HAVE to obey orders of armies or police to leave an area whilst reporting but this is often ignored with members of the press commonly being arrested/detained etc for many hours before being released with apologies. This happens across the world including 1st World like UK and US.
However there are, in foreign conflicts, some people who are putting themselves across as journalists who are not there solely for that purpose. This happens from all countries and is just one reason that journalists are then targeted by governments.
Hope this helps..
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