I’ll add to this – part of the switch from “absolute music” (sonata) to “program music” (weird titles) was that a rising middle class became the new market for music in the 19th century – like all entertainment, publishers wanted to see music to them as enticing titles, not just “sonata”. A lot
Of program music was the result of these publishers wanting to sell music to these amateur middle class musicians with upright pianos in their living room
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