I’m not sure about all the others, but if you go through the BWV (Bach’s catalog), you’ll find that a great many of the numbered pieces do have names too!
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis
For scholars that have to deal with thousands upon thousands of pieces, numbers are mostly just an easier way to organize things.
Though I also get what you’re asking isn’t necessarily about cataloguing….many times composers do simply name a piece something like “Sonata #1”.
There’s many reasons to do this, but composers will often do “studies” in themes, melodies, harmonies, etc.
Think about it like this: Van Gogh has a ton of different paintings that are just called “Sunflowers” and there’s a smorgasbord of paintings that are just called “Woman on Chair” or “Bowl of Grapes with a Wine Bottle”
I’m probably not doing a good job of making myself clear, but I hope this helps!
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