why do sodas fizz up when you pour too much in at once?
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Soda has dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2) gas which stays in the liquid at pressure. When you open the container, the pressure is released and the CO2 starts to leave the liquid. The rate it comes out depends on how much surface there is to the liquid. If you pour quickly, the liquid splashes and swirls, mixing in a huge number of tiny air bubbles which are all extra places for the CO2 to escape. Even the escaping bubbles of CO2 speed up the process, making an expanding foam.
It’s full of CO2. You pouring too fast agitates the liquid and forces the CO2 out of solution faster causing lots of foam and bubbles. It’s like shaking a bottle of soda and then trying to open it, explosion. If you more it slow and smooth the gas stays in solution and you don’t get as much foam/fizz