The ones I’m familiar with work by opening a path to ground during overvoltage events. These need to be on a grounded circuit to work, which newer homes are. They can also wear out over time or be damaged/consumed during an event and no longer perform their intended duty.
That’s said if the surge was caused by something very energetic affecting the power grid your surge protector could have been insufficient to cope. Perhaps some of the electronics absorbed the energy and protected others or were just more sensitive.
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