The cables you are seeing are called guy lines, and are put there to help support the pole and keep it vertical.
You will normally see these at the end pole of a line, or at corners where the weight of the supported lines will try to drag the pole over in that direction – the guy lines are used to counter this.
It is less common to see them on a pole in the middle of a run like this, but I will admit I am not entirely clear from the photo exactly which direction all of the lines are pulling. They could be stopping the pole from falling sideways, counterbalancing a longer span on one side of the pole than the other, or be bracing other forces.
The yellow covers are there to protect the cables at ground level (where they are more likely to have people interact with them, plants grow around them and similar, and also just to make the position of the cables more obvious so that people don’t crash into them.
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