At it’s core, an engine is an air pump. The more air it can pump, the more power it makes.
There are four main ways to get an engine to be able to pump more air:
* Make it bigger (displacement). This is the most direct way.
* Make it pump faster (rpm). If it goes faster, it will pump more air in the same amount of time (i.e. you go farther running for a minute than walking for a minute).
* Pressurize the air going in (turbo/supercharging). If the air is “smaller”, more fits in the pump at once.
* Remove restrictions to airflow. If the pump is less restricted, it can move more air. Think about trying to breathe through a straw versus breathing through a snorkel.
If one engine makes more power than another, it’s doing it by one or more of the above.
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