As in, what is the chemistry behind dye that keeps it intact? What is different about common stains (dirt, food, etc.) that allows them to wash out?
In: 12
If you look closely at fabric, it’s basically a net. Stains are caught in the net and can be dislodged and removed via washing.
Dyes actually bond themselves to the fabric. The dye itself is has a charge to it that is attracted to ionic/polar sites on the fabric fibers at a molecular level. So they aren’t simply just caught in a net, they become part of the actual fabric itself.
Fading happens as these bonds start to break down.
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