Not an ELI5-style answer, but I would guess that the cold number includes ice in the mix. Because of that you have a lot more energy to balance out before everything becomes room temperature due to the energy required to change the phase of the ice (solid to liquid). The energy required to make that ice go from 31F to 33F is orders of magnitude higher than the energy needed to go from 33F to 35F, hence the difference. If you were to somehow heat the thermos with high-temperature steam you’d have a similar effect (though not the same) , but would also burn the hell out of your hand when you tried to open the thing.
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