I know there can be cave-ins where a slice of rock is sheared off of the inside of the tunnel, but as far as I know tunnels don’t just outright crumble and collapse. Why not?
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Does the tunnel wall really need to support the weight of the entire hill/mountain above it? What if it’s rock? Isn’t there some amount of strength in the already very compacted dirt/rock itself? As a kid I dug tunnels in loose dirt all the time with no tunnel walls. It’s kind of impressive how big you could make them before the weight of the dirt would collapse the tunnel.
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