The US states are kinda large and spread out. You are assuming that the governor originally lives near or in the capital city (usually the administrative and legislative center of the state). Why would that be true? And it would be rather difficult if ALL of these functions moved to where the governor lived every few years if/when a new governor is elected.
Then there are events that the governors host on behalf of the state.
And security is more than simply the protection of the person. There will be a lot of sensitive information stored, and moving into and out of the governor’s residence. So there also needs to be guards against espionage, power backups, evacuation routes etc etc involved. These are expensive to set up.
Finally, it isn’t always true that governors are multimillionaires who live in mansions prior to becoming governor.
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