There’s no “purpose” to nose bleeds. Why would there be a purpose? What makes you think everything has a purpose? That’s like asking what’s the “purpose” of getting cancer. The whole point is that there is no purpose – it’s an undesirable mistake.
If what you’re really asking is *why* do we get nosebleeds, any number of things can cause them, but the inside if your nose has a lot of tiny blood vessels very close to the surface, so any minor damage to the nose or irritation of the mucosal lining of the nose can cause those tiny blood vessels to rupture. the vast majority of nosebleeds are not serious.
Nosebleeds are more of a design flaw than a feature. Your nasal septum (the wall of cartilage between your two nostrils) has a bunch of arteries towards the front of your nose. The purpose of these arteries is to concentrate a lot of blood right in the front of your nose, which warms the air coming in through your nose so your lungs can more quickly absorb the oxygen from it. The downside of this is that even a small nick or crack in the membrane at the surface of your septum can cause heavy bleeding, hence nosebleeds.
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