First, the hex code was to describe every color in the shortest way possible, there’s a variety of applications but mainly it’s short/small for the internets.
HSL has a separate alpha channel, some situations need a full alpha channel for transparency. It’s also a different way to pick shades of a color, for example, just adjusting the lightness can produce shades of the same color. That’s a little trickier in rgb.
CMYK was found by trial and error. Super hip graphic designers will print their own special mix for posters and the like. Not cost effective but can produce special effects.
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