What you’re talking about is a lever. One of the basic machines. The simple principle behind it is by increasing the distance you move to exert the same amount of force you make it easier. So for example if you need to exert 200 lbs of force over two inches that means you have to exert 100 lb / in. adding a lever increases the distance you have to travel, making the force smaller. So now you have, say, 20 inches to exert that 200 lbs of force, now instead of 100 lb/in, it’s only 10 lb/in.
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